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As of 19 December 2021, more than 273 million people have been infected with SARS-Cov-2 worldwide1. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at greater risk of COVID-19 infection, particularly those in patient-facing and support roles2. A prospective study of

An estimated five million children in the United States have a reported allergy to penicillin.1 Nearly 95% of patients with reported penicillin allergies who undergo allergy testing do not have an IgE-mediated allergic reaction and can safely receive

The human microbiome and its relation to health and disease is gaining attention as high throughput sequencing and other methods enable greater detection and surveillance of organisms. Since c.400 B.C.E., physicians have pledged to “first, do no harm

Staphylococcus aureus causes over 30% of surgical site infections (SSIs)1 and these infections increase morbidity and healthcare costs.2-4 According to data from the National Health Safety Network 5 and data from individual medical centers, S. aureus

Health care associated infections (HAI) are responsible for increased length of stay, cost of hospitalization, and high morbidity and mortality. Some authors report that 10-70% of infections can be avoided if prevention and control measures (bundles)

More than 17,000 healthcare providers worldwide have lost their lives due to Covid-19 infection and its complications, since the beginning of the pandemic (1,2). Currently, one year after the outbreak declaration, it is estimated that approximately

Following publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) hand hygiene guidelines,1,2 considerable efforts have been dedicated to improving hand hygiene compliance among healthcare personnel

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is defined as diarrhea associated with antibiotic exposure and can affect up to 25% of the patients receiving a particular antibiotic.1,2 Most cases of AAD (70-80%) have no established microbial pathogen and may

During the COVID-19 pandemic, near-ubiquitous use of masks in community settings was recommended (1). However, personal protective equipment is considered to be one of the least effective hazard control measures due to their reliance on an individual

Soon after the introduction of methicillin to treat Staphylococcal infection, the first case of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was reported in a European hospital in the year 1961.1,2 Since then, MRSA has spread worldwide in